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""Background:? To survey the current diabetic retinopathy screening and management practices of Australian optometrists following the release of the 1997 National Health Medical Research Council Diabetic Retinopathy Management Guidelines. Design:? Cross-sectional national survey, primary care setting. Participants:? 1000 Australian optometrists across different states. Methods:? A self-administered questionnaire was sent to 1000 optometrists across all states during 2007/2008. Main outcome measures:? Use of retinal camera, screening practices/attitudes and behaviour in diabetic retinopathy management. Results:? 568 [http://www.selleckchem.com/products/pexidartinib-plx3397.html Selleckchem Pexidartinib] optometrists (57%) responded to the survey. Patients' unpreparedness to drive post dilation [http://www.selleckchem.com/products/SRT1720.html SRT1720 supplier] (51%) and the fear of angle closure glaucoma (13%) were the two main barriers to optometrists not performing dilated ophthalmoscopy. Those who had strong desire to screen for diabetic retinopathy were more likely to use a retinal camera (p?[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FKBP FKBP] their self-reported desire for involvement in diabetic retinopathy, the management of macular oedema by Australian optometrists needs improvement. The use of retinal cameras and promotion of the 2008 NHMRC guidelines should be encouraged to improve overall optometric diabetic retinopathy management, particularly with macular oedema. ""Background:? To evaluate the visual outcomes of conductive keratoplasty for relief of symptomatic presbyopia of pseudophakia with monofocal intraocular lens implantation. Design:? It was a prospective clinical study and set in Eye Center, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University. Participants:? This study comprised 27 eyes from 27 patients with presbyopia symptom. Methods:? The patients received conductive keratoplasty via monovision approach after monofocal intraocular lens implantation and were followed up at 1?week and 1, 3, 6 and 12?months postoperatively. Main Outcome Measures:? The main outcomes including uncorrected near visual acuity, uncorrected distance visual acuity, best spectacle-corrected visual acuity, manifest refraction spherical equivalent, keratometric astigmatism, contrast and glare sensitivity, spherical aberration and pseudoaccommodation were evaluated.