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Further data are required to allow the complex measurements to be used in clinical practice. This new information will likely improve the overall understanding of airways disease and use of these new techniques is likely to benefit development of new treatments for airways disease since they will provide better measurements by which treatments can be assessed. The new techniques described in this review will allow the clinician to ��see disease�� in a new light. ""4768"	"IPF is a relentless disease characterized by progressive fibroproliferation with architectural destruction of the lung, culminating in respiratory failure and death.1 As yet, no [http://www.selleckchem.com/products/Vorinostat-saha.html selleck chemicals] therapy has improved the dismal reported median survival of 2.8�C4.2?years.2,3 The most frequent complication, pulmonary hypertension (PH), occurs in as many as two-thirds of patients with end-stage IPF.4 The presence of a unifying pathogenetic mechanism in all IPF patients with PH appears implausible. Often, PH is a logical consequence of ablation of the alveolar capillary bed in advanced disease, often in association with hypoxic respiratory failure. Yet, in as many as 10% of IPF patients, PH arises much earlier in the course of the disease and may, in these cases, result from aberrant vascular remodelling that appears, at least in some individuals, to be a pathogenetic feature.5 The presence of PH [http://www.selleckchem.com/products/tariquidar.html Tariquidar concentration] in IPF has been linked to a poor outcome in a number of studies.4,6 The availability of well-tolerated oral therapies in PH means that effective palliation of IPF-related PH is a realistic goal. The recent STEP-IPF trial, a study of sildenafil in individuals with advanced IPF (as defined by a TLCO?[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GSK3B GSK3B] Thus, there is an urgent need for further treatment trials in IPF-related PH. However, outcomes are likely to depend upon the recruitment of patients with IPF-related PH that is not end-stage, in whom a worthwhile treatment effect is a realistic aspiration. This imperative poses challenges to physicians in the recognition of PH in fibrosing lung disease. Although right heart catheterization (RHC) is widely viewed as the reference standard for the detection of PH, the invasive nature of the test and its relatively limited availability preclude its routine use in patients with IPF.