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34%) [35]. There was no subgroup in which survival favoured gefitinib over docetaxel including patients who had EGFR-FISH positive tumours and there was no evidence [http://www.selleckchem.com/products/PD-0332991.html learn more] of any differential effect on survival between gefitinib and docetaxel in any of the biomarkers examined [36]. Gefitinib has been registered for advanced non-small cell lung cancer for any line in patients with tumours expressing activating EGFR-mutations, therefore providing another option not only for first-line therapy, but also for second- and later line use. Erlotinib has been approved also in the second-line setting, as well as in third-line. The clinically very relevant question of the role of EGFR-TK-inhibition versus standard chemotherapy has been further investigated [38], [39]?and?[40]. A Greek trial compared Erlotinib with Pemetrexed [38] in pre-treated patients with advanced NSCLC and the TITAN study compared Erlotinib versus docetaxel or Pemetrexed [39] with similar survival and toxicity. The recent TAILOR-phase III trial has prospectively investigated head-to-head erlotinib versus docetaxel in patients with EGFR-wild-type NSCLC [40] and has shown that docetaxel significantly improves [http://www.selleckchem.com/products/Everolimus(RAD001).html Everolimus cost] progression-free-survival, response-rate and disease control rate over erlotinib. The anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) inhibitor crizotinib has recently been registered for second-line therapy in ALK positive tumour. Crizotinib is a small molecule ALK- inhibitor with anti-met activity. A phase I study of crizotinib in ALK positive NSCLC demonstrated a response rate of as high as 61% in heavily pre-treated patients with a median progression-free-survival of 1.6 months [41]. The subsequent phase II study confirmed crizotinib's high response rate of 53% and the promising progression-free-survival (8 months) [42]. The question whether crizotinib is superior to standard chemotherapy has been addressed to an open-labelled phase III [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cilengitide Cilengitide] trial comparing crizotinib with chemotherapy in about 350 patients with locally advanced or metastatic ALK-positive lung cancer who have received one prior platinum-based regimen. The primary endpoint was progression-free-survival. The median progression-free-survival was 7.7 months in crizotinib and 3 months in the chemotherapy group (HR?=?0.49; p?