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516. Culture and microscopy were performed in all BAL fluid samples (10 IA cases and 41 control patients). Ten (100%) of the BAL samples from case patients were culture positive for Aspergilllus species (nine A.?fumigatus, and one A.?fumigatus and A.?niger). No BAL PF-06463922 ic50 samples from the control patients tested culture positive for Aspergillus species. In patients with IA, GM (90%) and BG (80%) appeared a mean of 4.3?days (range, 1�C10?days) before Aspergillus was grown. Five (50%) BAL samples from IA case patients had positive direct microscopy (septate hyphae) and four patients had positive P.?jirovecii stains. The serum GM diagnostic accuracy as given by AUC for all IA case patients was 0.854 (95% CI, 0.74�C0.96) and for proven IA cases was 0.835 (95% CI, 0.65�C1.0), as shown in Fig.?1(a,b). The median of the GM levels for both the control group and the three cases with PJP was 0.13 (IQR, 0.11�C0.26). The mean GM level for the six neutropenic control patients was not different from the mean value for the 35 non-neutropenic control patients: 0.32 (SD, 0.39; IQR, 0.12�C0.27) and 0.203 (SD, 0.21; IQR, 0.10�C0.26), respectively (p?=?0.484). Table?2 shows the performance of GM in serum samples for the diagnosis of all IA cases with the use of different GM cut-off values. In our population the best diagnostic performance of GM was obtained with a GM cut-off ��0.4, a value very FMO5 similar to the recommended cut-off. Four case patients (patients 64, 65, 91 and 120 shown in Table?4) had GM blood levels Bafilomycin A1 ic50 The mean BG level for the six neutropenic control patients was not different from the mean value for the 32 non-neutropenic control patients: 64.31 (SD, 56.53; IQR, 33.72�C61.6) and 146.2 (SD, 462.15; IQR, 22.0�C79.0), respectively (p?0.378). Table?3 shows the performance of BG in serum samples for the diagnosis of IA and all IFD cases with the use of different BG cut-off values. The best diagnostic performance of BG for IFD and IA (proven and probable) was obtained with a BG cut-off ��80.