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The importance of HCAP is controversial. We invited physicians from 72 IMDs to report on all patients with pneumonia hospitalized in their department during 2?weeks (one each in January and June 2010) to compare HCAP with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) and hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP). We analysed 1002 episodes of pneumonia: 58.9% were CAP, 30.6% were HCAP and 10.4% were HAP. A comparison between CAP, HCAP and HAP showed that HCAP patients were older (77, 83 and 80.5?years; p?ATR inhibitor 100, 30 and 65; p?Parvulin of HCAP BEZ235 molecular weight among patients treated in IMDs, because of the different aetiologies, therapy requirements and prognosis of this population. Healthcare-associated pneumonia (HCAP) is an intermediate category between community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) and hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) [1]. The term was coined to identify those patients who acquired pneumonia outside the hospital but were institutionalized or had frequent contact with the healthcare system for the management of their chronic underlying diseases [2]. These patients are at risk for infections caused by nosocomial pathogens and have a poorer outcome than patients with CAP [3�C6]. It is a matter of debate whether the poorer outcome of HCAP is related to the higher prevalence of nosocomial pathogens or to patients�� underlying conditions and whether broad-spectrum empirical antibiotic therapy is necessary [1,7�C9]. The number of hospitalizations for pneumonia has been increasing in recent years, mainly among elderly patients and those with multiple co-morbidities [10,11]. Several studies show that these patients are frequently managed in the internal medicine departments (IMDs) [12�C19]. Only one study describes the frequency of HCAP among patients with pneumonia treated in the IMDs.