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The CFR was 20.3% (MSSA 20.2%, MRSA 22.3%) and MR was 3.4 (MSSA 3.1, MRSA 0.3) per 100?000 per year. Although MSSA CFR was stable the MSSA MR increased; MRSA CFR decreased while its MR remained low during the study. Community-onset S.?aureus bacteraemia, particularly MSSA, is associated with major disease burden. This study highlights complementary information www.selleckchem.com/products/ch5424802.html provided by evaluating both CFR and MR. ""The word ��fomites�� was introduced early in the 19th century from the Latin fomes, to indicate objects or materials that are likely to carry infection, such as clothes, utensils and furniture. Indeed, the role of the environment as a likely significant contributor to hospital-acquired infections (HAI) was proposed even earlier [1]. In 1873, Louis Pasteur in his lecture to the Academie de M��decine noted that, even after cleaning his hands and using heated sponges, he still had to fear germs surrounding patients�� beds [2]. Today, headlines such as ��Hospitals criticized over hygiene�� (BBC News, 20th December 2010) are common in the news and instigate a negative general public perception that fomites such as uniforms or stethoscopes Tryptophan synthase represent an infection risk for hospitalized patients. Political interest has obviously been raised. An interesting example is the ��bare below the elbows�� dress code for physicians that was promised to be introduced by the then Secretary PI3K inhibitor cancer of State for Health, Alan Johnson, in 2007, in all acute trusts in England, despite lack of conclusive evidence that white coats pose a significant threat for the spread of HAI [3]. Clear evidence does exist that pathogenic bacteria can survive for months in the hospital environment and can be isolated on clinical equipment, as well as on general surfaces, especially those close to the patient��s area, such as curtains, beds, lockers and over-bed tables [4,5]. Before contact precautions are implemented, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) carriers may have already contaminated their environment with MRSA. A recent observational study showed that 18% and 35% of MRSA-colonized patients had contaminated the surrounding environmental surfaces 25?h and 33?h after admission, respectively [6]. Cross-transmission between patients may occur via the hands of healthcare workers after they have touched contaminated environmental surfaces [5,7]. There is also some evidence that cleaning removes pathogenic bacteria from the hospital environment with benefit for the patients, especially in epidemic settings. Rampling et?al. [8] documented an outbreak of MRSA in a urology ward, which was resistant to the promotion of hand hygiene and contact isolation; it ended only after doubling the number of ward-cleaning hours.