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During the study period, 585 adult patients (median age 40?years) required hospitalization because of pandemic (H1N1) 2009. At least one comorbid condition was present in 318 (54.4%) patients. Pneumonia was diagnosed in 234 (43.2%) patients and bacterial co-infection in 45 (7.6%). Severe disease occurred in 75 (12.8%) patients, of whom 71 required ICU admission and 13 (2.2%) died. Independent factors for severe disease were age MI-773 co-infection (OR, 2.78; 95% CI, 1.11�C7) and early oseltamivir therapy (OR, 0.32; 95% CI 0.16�C0.63). In conclusion, although adults hospitalized for pandemic (H1N1) 2009 suffer from significant morbidity, mortality is lower than that reported in the earliest studies. Younger age, chronic Otenabant comorbid conditions, morbid obesity and bacterial co-infection are independent risk factors for severe disease, whereas early oseltamivir therapy is a protective factor. Influenza pandemics have been associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Each pandemic is different and there are always a series of unknowns when an influenza virus emerges and becomes pandemic [1,2]. In April 2009, a novel influenza virus, now known as influenza A (H1N1)v virus, caused an outbreak of respiratory disease in Mexico [3] and spread rapidly throughout the world. Spain was the first country in Europe to report a laboratory-confirmed case of new influenza A (H1N1)v virus infection [4]. The number of hospitalizations and deaths caused by pandemic (H1N1) 2009 increased continuously until December 2009. The studies published indicate that there are differences between pandemic (H1N1) 2009 and seasonal influenza. Among adult patients, pandemic (H1N1) 2009 affects mainly those under the age of 60?years with chronic underlying diseases, pregnant women, and obese patients [5�C7]. The overall mortality of this infection Selleckchem Ribociclib is similar to that presented by seasonal influenza and lower than previous pandemics [8�C10], although mortality varies considerably between countries [8]. There is also concern that subsequent waves of influenza pandemic could be more lethal than the first [2]. Little information is currently available on factors associated with severe disease in adults hospitalized for the pandemic influenza (H1N1)v virus. Moreover, the few studies published to date have been limited by small sample size [5,11�C13], retrospective design [13,14], analysis based merely on database surveillance reports [15,16], or inclusion of only critically ill patients [11,17]. To identify risk factors for severe disease, and hence to determine the optimal case management and prevention, more clinical and treatment data of the pandemic (H1N1) 2009 are needed.