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ABCB1 gene polymorphisms may alter the expression and function of Pgp, thereby influencing the response to chemotherapy. A panel of 17 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines was used to investigate whether alterations in the ABCB1 gene or its mRNA expression correlated with in vitro chemosensitivity to paclitaxel. Methods:? Polymorphisms in the ABCB1 gene were evaluated by direct sequencing. mRNA expression levels were assessed by quantitative real-time reverse transcription PCR. In vitro chemosensitivity to paclitaxel was expressed as half-maximal inhibitory concentration values, using a tetrazolium (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium Sitaxentan bromide)-based colorimetric assay. Results:? The variant allele frequencies for four ABCB1 gene polymorphisms were 14.71% for 2677G>T/A, 32.35% for 2734T>C, 23.53% for 3396C>T and 76.47% for 3435C>T. There was a significant positive correlation between ABCB1 mRNA expression and half-maximal inhibitory concentration values for paclitaxel (r?=?0.5322, P?=?0.0279). None of the four ABCB1 gene polymorphisms were associated with paclitaxel chemosensitivity or ABCB1 mRNA expression in the 17 cell lines. Conclusions:? These in vitro results suggest that high ABCB1 mRNA expression may be a predictive biomarker for poor chemosensitivity to paclitaxel. The panel of NSCLC cell lines may provide clues and indications for establishing clinically useful relationships between a given polymorphism or level of gene expression and chemosensitivity to an anti-cancer agent. ""4614" "Background and objective:? The frequency, Quizartinib aetiologies and outcomes MK-8776 chemical structure of normal chest radiographs (CXRs) among HIV-seropositive patients with suspected pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) have been infrequently described. Methods:? Consecutive HIV-seropositive adults hospitalized for cough of ��2?weeks duration at Mulago Hospital (Kampala, Uganda), between September 2007 and July 2008, were enrolled. Baseline CXRs were obtained on admission. Patients with sputum smears that were negative for acid-fast bacilli (AFB) were referred for bronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL). BAL fluid was examined for mycobacteria, Pneumocystis jirovecii and other fungi. Patients were followed for 2?months after enrolment. Results:? Of the 334 patients, 54 (16%) had normal CXRs. These patients were younger (median age 30 vs 34?years, P?=?0.002), had lower counts of CD4+ T lymphocytes (median 13 vs 57 cells/?L, P?