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pylori. Patients with abdominal pain who presented with peptic ulcer or gastrointestinal bleeding were excluded from this study as well as patients for whom the test was performed owing to other indications such as iron deficiency anemia, idiopathic thrombocytopenia purpura, growth retardation, or chronic urticarial. Selleckchem BMS 907351 Methods A retrospective cohort of 2,530 children who underwent the UBT and presented with recurrent abdominal pain was studied for determining the prevalence of H. pylori by age and year. Not only identifying UBT titers, we established endoscopic remarks, performed the CLO test, and analyzed histopathological findings when endoscopy was done. Changes in the prevalence of H. pylori infection were determined according to year, gender, and age. The children were divided into 3 age groups: 4-5, 6-11, and 12-16 years. To determine the changes in the annual prevalence of H. pylori infection, the study period was classified into 3 time periods: 2004-2007, 2008-2010, and 2011-2014. Prevalence trends were compared between the groups of children aged 4-11 years and 12-16 years, assuming that the prevalence will be further decreased in younger children. In order to reduce false positive UBT results, a 4.0�� cut-off value was applied to children ��6 years and a 7�� cut-off value to children BML-190 values that had been modified to 10.0�� for those aged 4-5 years; 7.0��, for those aged 6-11 years; and 4.0��, for those aged 12-16 years to further reduce the false positive rates. Statistical analysis IBM SPSS Statistics ver. 21.0 (IBM Co., Armonk, NY, USA) and the general linear model were used for statistical analysis. A p-value of ��0.05 was considered statistically Depsipeptide research buy significant. RESULTS A total of 2,530 children (1,191 boys, 1,339 girls; mean age 10.0��3.0 years; range, 4.0-16.9 years) underwent the UBT, who had presented with recurrent abdominal pain from January 2004 to May 2014. Prevalence rate by different age group and time periods The total infection prevalence rate was 7.4% (187/2,530) with an overall prevalence of 7.6% and 7.2% in boys and girls, respectively; there was no difference in the prevalence in boys and girls over time. The prevalence rate in children was 8.0% in 2004-2007, 7.7% in 2008-2010, and 6.7% in 2011-2014, showing no significant difference among the time periods. The prevalence rate in the different age groups was 7.5% for those aged 4-5 years, 6.3% for those aged 6-11 years, and 9.2% for those aged 12-16 years, which showed a significant difference (p=0.04) (Table 1).