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001) or in coastal areas (OR, 6.96; 95% CI, 3.81�C12.71; p The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of TOSV antibodies among the healthy population of different regions in Croatia. Croatia is situated between central and south-eastern Europe, lying along the east coast of the Adriatic Sea (Fig.?1). The Croatian littoral is composed of the northern (Istria and Ebastine Primorje) and southern part (Dalmatia), which is subdivided into northern, central and southern Dalmatia. The Adriatic coast and islands are characterized by the Mediterranean climate, which is favourable for maintaining sandfly vectors of TOSV [5]. The mainland parts of Croatia, which have the continental climate, are considered sandfly-free areas. From 2007 LGK 974 to 2009 we collected blood specimens from 2016 healthy inhabitants of island, coastal or continental parts of Croatia, aged 8?months to 88?years, who came to hospital for laboratory check-ups or blood donation. Information regarding age, gender and site of residence was collected. The ethical committee of Split University Hospital approved the study. Presence of anti-TOSV IgG was investigated using a commercial enzyme immunoassay (rEIA, Enzywell Toscana Virus IgG/IgM, DIESSE, Siena, Italy). 17-AAG Previous studies of rEIA had revealed its sensitivity and specificity for IgM to be 100%, and for IgG to be 100 and 96.6%, respectively [6]. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 19.0. Chi-square tests, odds ratios (OR) and multiple logistic regression were used to estimate associations with seropositivity and to evaluate potential risk factors for TOSV infection. Of the total of 2016 sera, anti-TOSV IgG were found in 755 (37.5%). Seroprevalence differed significantly among sites, ranging from 4.7% in Brod-Posavina County to 67.7% on the island of Lastovo (Fig.?1, Table?1). Islanders were more seropositive than inhabitants of coastal (��2?=?69.82, p