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Hyperpolarization was confirmed by detecting the corresponding signal patterns in the 1H NMR spectrum. To identify the optimal experimental conditions for the conversion of an appropriate VPA precursor, structurally related molecules with different side chains were analyzed in different solvents using various catalytic systems. The presented results include hyperpolarized 13C NMR spectra and proton images of related systems, confirming selleck chemicals their applicability for MR studies. PHIP-based polarization enhancement may provide a new MR technique to monitor the spatial distribution of valproate in brain tissue and to analyze metabolic pathways after valproate administration. Copyright ? 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. ""The aim of this study was to use manganese (Mn)-enhanced MRI (MEMRI) to detect changes in calcium handling associated with cardiac hypertrophy in a mouse model, and to determine whether the impact of creatine kinase ablation Ritonavir is detectable using this method. Male C57BL/6 (C57, n?=?11) and male creatine kinase double-knockout (CK-M/Mito�C/�C, DBKO, n?=?12) mice were imaged using the saturation recovery Look�CLocker T1 mapping sequence before and after the development of cardiac hypertrophy. Hypertrophy was induced via subcutaneous continuous 3-day infusion of isoproterenol, and sham mice not subjected to cardiac hypertrophy were also imaged. During each scan, the contrast agent Mn was administered and the resulting change in R1 (=1/T1) was calculated. Two anatomical regions of interest (ROIs) were considered, the left-ventricular free wall (LVFW) and the septum, and one ROI in an Mn-containing standard placed next to the mouse. We found statistically significant (p?SCH772984 price with normal control mice. Copyright ? 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. ""Exercise-induced changes of transverse proton relaxation time (T2), tissue perfusion and metabolic turnover were investigated in the lower back muscles of volunteers by applying muscle functional MRI (mfMRI) and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) before and after as well as dynamic 31P-MRS during the exercise. Inner (M. multifidus, MF) and outer lower back muscles (M. erector spinae, ES) were examined in 14 healthy young men performing a sustained isometric trunk-extension.