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The outcome was compared with data from analogous experiments performed in GUCY1B3 a model of inhaled LPS followed by induced sputum. This trial was registered in the Current Controlled Trials register (ISRCTN trial number: ISRCTN46666382). The leucocytes in nasal lavage consisted to 99% of neutrophils on average. Treatment with AZD8309 reduced the leucocyte count to 48% of placebo 6?h after the LPS challenge. There was also a reduction in LTB4 levels to 45% of placebo after 6?h and in the neutrophil elastase activity after 24?h. No major adverse events were seen with either AZD8309 or placebo. The nasal LPS model induced only minimal local irritation and no signs of systemic inflammation. LPS-induced neutrophil recruitment was reduced by inhibition of CXCR2. This outcome mimicked the response previously seen in a lower airway LPS model. Hence, the nasal model offers a convenient and well-tolerated alternative for pharmacological evaluation of anti-inflammatory drugs affecting neutrophilic migration and activity. ""Anaesthetic hypersensitivity reactions can be IgE- or not IgE-mediated and are a challenge to find the causal agent. Histamine and tryptase determination are classically considered useful in the diagnosis of these reactions. The aim of our study was to assess the diagnostic usefulness of plasma histamine and different cut-off points of serum tryptase. Patients suffering a reaction suggestive http://www.selleckchem.com/products/gsk2879552-2hcl.html of hypersensitivity during general anaesthesia in Cl��nica Universidad de Navarra (2008�C2012) were included. Serum tryptase and plasma histamine were measured at the time of the reaction and 2?h later. Baseline tryptase was also determined. Four to eight weeks after the reaction an allergological study was performed to all the drugs or products involved in the reaction. Sixty-five patients suffered an immediate hypersensitivity reaction during the period of the study. Thirty-seven patients (20 male) with median age 48?years (12�C79) were included because they completed allergological study, and histamine and tryptase were correctly obtained. Elevated plasma histamine was observed in 34 cases (92%). Tryptase exceeded twice the basal values in 10 patients (31%). Using see more different cut-off points of tryptase, the number of patients with elevated tryptase would be 15 patients (41%) for a cut-off point of 5?��g/L; 12 patients (32%) for a cut-off point of 8.23?��g/L; nine patients (24%) for 10.5?��g/L; and eight patients (22%) for 11.4?��g/L. The median tryptase level for the IgE-mediated reactions was 9.0?��g/L (2�C70?��g/L) and 4.0?��g/L (3�C13?��g/L) in non-IgE-mediated reactions (P?