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Out of five variables tested, significant association was observed only with male gender (RR = 1.25; 95% CI 1.09�C1.43) and habitual khat chewing (RR = 1.31; 95% CI 1.12�C1.53). On multivariate stepwise logistic regression analysis, the same two variables retained their significant independent association with an earlier age at diagnosis, as shown in Table 5. These variables are male gender (AOR = 1.34; 95% CI 1.06�C1.68) and habitual khat chewing (AOR = 1.39; 95% CI 1.09�C1.77). Table 4 Univariate analysis of variables associated with early age at diagnosis of diabetes (defined as age YES1 dependent variable and male gender, smoking, habitual khat chewing, BMI �� 25, and decreased exercise as independent variables. ... Table 5 Multivariable logistic AZD9291 regression analysis of variables independently related to age at diagnosis of diabetes PR-171 molecular weight were independently associated with poor glycemic control defined as HbA1c �� 9.0% (75 mmol/mol). We also have proved in this study that habitual khat chewing and male gender were independent risk factors for earlier age at diagnosis of type 2 diabetes in this large sample of Yemeni patients. Khat chewing is a common tradition in Yemen. The majority of the adult population chews khat on a regular basis. Most of the khat chewing takes place in the afternoon and may continue to the evening according to the purpose, whether studying, working, or at leisure.9,10 In our study on 1540 patients with type 2 DM, 77.6% of the males and 54.4% of the females were KC. Out of these patients, 64.8% chewed khat on a daily basis, with 83.5% having chewed khat for more than 10 years. A recent study has mentioned that up to 67.8% of women in Sana��a, Yemen, reported that they have chewed khat sometime during their lifetime.