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The coast redwood is characterized as having low to moderate drought tolerance (Sunset Books 2000) and requires supplemental irrigation where fog or summer precipitation events are lacking. Without natural precipitation (rain or fog) or supplemental irrigation, dry summer conditions may inhibit the performance of mature individuals of coast redwood in urban settings where signs of water stress often include leaf senescence and stem die back (Litvak et al. 2011) (Fig.?1). Figure?1. A photograph of coast redwoods (Sequoia sempervirens) that are growing in a public park in the San Francisco Bay Area, CA. The coast redwoods are the tall, slender conifers, exhibiting characteristic leaf senescence (browning) and stem dieback. The cause ... The work presented herein was initiated to fill a knowledge gap by determining the level of tolerance of coast redwood to sodium and chloride. The research was designed selleck kinase inhibitor in response to GDC-0941 ic50 reports from water districts in the San Francisco Bay Area, which claimed that coast redwoods within public parks had shown signs of decline or death after irrigation with recycled water. To determine the effects of sodium and chloride ions on the growth and health of redwoods, Sequoia sempervirens ��Aptos Blue�� specimens were placed in a greenhouse and irrigated daily with one of 17 treatments represented by a non-saline nutrient solution that was used as the control treatment plus four different salt solutions at four different concentrations. We hypothesized that redwoods would be classifiable as a ��salt-sensitive�� species, demonstrated by declines in growth at soil salinity concentrations diglyceride Environmental Horticulture Complex (Davis, CA, USA). Greenhouse daytime low and high temperatures were maintained between 21 and 24 ��C, and night-time low and high temperatures were maintained between 13 and 17 ��C. No artificial lighting was supplied to the plants. The glasshouse was divided into two blocks to control for natural gradients of sunlight, temperature and humidity. Pots were placed 1 m apart throughout the two blocks. One hundred and two Sequoia sempervirens ��Aptos Blue�� saplings in 8 L pots (21 cm tall, with a 21 cm diameter tapering to 18.5 cm) were obtained from Generation Growers, Modesto, CA, USA. Potting media contained a mix of humus and sand in a 4 : 1 volumetric ratio, 6.0 kg m?3 dolomite, 0.6 kg m?3 calcium nitrate, 1.2 kg m?3 ferrous sulfate heptahydrate, 3.0 kg m?3 nitroform, 2.4 kg m?3 double super phosphate and 1.2 kg m?3 oyster shell lime.