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Furthermore, since loading capacity is based on the volume of PDMS on the stir bar, not the surface area, high molecular weight apolar components such as triglycerides and peptide fragments, which do not diffuse effectively into the PDMS layer, will not interfere with the analysis. Hence, SBSE provides sample cleanup as well as sample concentration and achieves low detection limits in complex sample matrices. 3.5. Method Workflow and Throughput The QuEChERS/SBSE method is inexpensive since the stir bars can be cleaned and reused for 30�C50 samples, resulting in an estimated cost of JQ1 concentration QuEChERS extractions on a batch of 20 samples followed by unattended SBSE for 90 minutes. Samples are loaded onto the GC/MS and an automated analysis is started. It is possible for a single analyst to prepare a second batch of 20 samples (blue bars) and even a third 20-sample batch (green bars) per day which can be added to the automated GC/MS analysis. The length of the GC/MS E-64 method, or other analysis, may vary, but results can be obtained for about 60 samples per day. Figure 3 Flowchart demonstrating high throughput application of QuEChERS/SBSE method with one technician completing about 60 samples per workday. 4. Conclusion The QuEChERS/SBSE method presented is a viable alternative to the NOAA method and the LC/FL method to maintain sensitivity, accuracy, and precision while efficiently quantifying PAH contamination in seafood. The QuEChERS extraction strategy was used to effectively extract PAHs from complex seafood matrices including mollusks, crustaceans, and finfish. This study uses a novel SBSE with a buffered diluent to concentrate PAHs and eliminate matrix interference from QuEChERS extracts of seafood, specifically oysters, Selleck R428 fish, shrimp, and mussels. This method provides acceptable recovery (65�C138%) and linear calibrations and is sensitive (LOD = 0.02?ppb, LOQ = 0.06?ppb) while providing higher throughput and maintaining equivalency between NOAA 2004 as determined by analysis of NIST SRM 1974b mussel tissue. Acknowledgments This work was supported by the Centers for Disease Control contract, 200-2007-21729 (Jeffery H. Moran), and the Bioterrorism Cooperative Agreement, U90/CCU616974-07 (Jeffery H. Moran). The authors also thank Agilent Technologies for providing GC/MS instrumentation and QuEChERS extraction kits and the Alabama Public Health Laboratory for the specimens used in some of these studies. Cynthia M. Pfannkoch (J.