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We next aimed at determining whether the above database could be used for identification of Aspergillus species. The database was blindly tested with the set of 124 fresh clinical and 16 environmental Aspergillus isolates. The Andromas software identified the number of common peaks between the spectra of the tested isolate and the species-specific fingerprints of the reference strains in the database (i.e. Aspergilli database). For each isolate, all peaks with an intensity >0.01 were retained and were compared with that of the species-specific fingerprints of each reference strain, as described above, taking into account possible variations of ��10?m/z. Then, the percentage of common peaks was obtained (100?��?number of common peaks between the tested isolate and the peaks of the Ceftiofur species-specific spectral fingerprint/total number of peaks specific for the species-specific spectral fingerprint). Only the first and second best matches were retained. Acceptable identification of a tested strain corresponds to the species having ��66% of common peaks with the reference strains in the database. A difference of at least 10% between the first and the second match was required. When the identification was not acceptable (i.e. Sunitinib concentration manner. With our database, 127 isolates were identified after a single run, 11 were identified after two runs, and two could not be identified. The results of MALDI-TOF?MS identification are presented for each section in Table?2. Identification was correct for 138 of 140 (98.6%) isolates according to our identification strategy. Two isolates for which MALDI-TOF?MS failed to give a spectrum were finally identified as A.?fumigatus by MLS (GenBank accession number AY048754), whereas conventional morphological criteria did not allow accurate identification, owing to the absence of conidiogenesis for one and of atypical sporulation for the other. No isolate was misidentified, leading to 100% specificity. We have developed and validated a MALDI-TOF database that allows precise identification of an extensive number of Aspergillus species currently isolated in clinical settings, including both common 3-Methyladenine purchase and recently described unusual species. This identification procedure can be performed from single colonies on Sabouraud dextrose agar whenever the microbiologist suspects an Aspergillus mould from the presence of a characteristic conidial head by morphological observation. We have developed a very simple and fast experimental protocol that involves depositing the superficial material collected from the surface of the mould colonies directly onto the MALDI-TOF�MS target plate without subculture or colony preparation.