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These positive findings are a consequence of the wide end-to-end mucosal approximation, the even distribution AZ191 of tension due to the pulley mechanism (funneling parachute), and a consequent reduced tissue-ischemia. 6. Conclusions In conclusion, over 10 years has passed since the introduction of the single-knot running VUA technique and today this is a valid and safe technique for VUA. Although many excellent variations exist [4�C6], urologists involved in minimally invasive surgery should be familiar with the technique and its tips, tricks, and pitfalls, in order to avoid complications and obtain the best functional results. Competing Interests The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper.""An important clinical question LGK-974 nmr in this high-risk population has been whether local therapy provides any benefit in patients that are at an increased risk of distant metastases. This has been addressed by two randomized trials that established the benefit of adding EBRT to androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) alone, outlined in Table 1. Widmark et al. [5] studied 875 patients with intermediate- or high-risk disease randomized to receive ADT + EBRT or ADT alone. The ADT regimen was 3 months of a GnRH agonist followed by continuous antiandrogen (flutamide), and the mean radiation dose was 70?Gy to the prostate and seminal vesicles (SV). The addition of radiation to ADT was shown to improve 10-year overall survival (70% versus 61%, p = 0.004), 10-year disease-specific survival (88% versus 76%, p ADT, through either bilateral orchiectomy or lifelong luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) agonist. Patients were then randomized to also receive EBRT or not; those treated with radiation received a dose of 65�C69?Gy to the prostate and SV. Unlike the Widmark et buy Apoptosis Compound Library al. trial, some patients were also treated to the pelvis with mean dose of 45?Gy. The recently published update of the trial [7] demonstrated that the addition of EBRT to ADT significantly improved 10-year overall survival (HR 0.70, 0.57�C0.85, p