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2 Deep CMBs are probably associated more with fibrinoid necrosis-related deep ICH, while lobar CMBs correlated more with cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA)-related lobar ICH. Both SVD types may exist in the same individual. Since this review focuses on cerebral SVD predominantly associated with vascular risk factors, studies related purely to CAA-associated lobar ICH are not emphasized. In the systematic review conducted by Cordonnier et al.49 hypertension was the click here most consistent risk factor for CMBs in both healthy adults and those with cerebrovascular diseases. In the same review, diabetes was also associated with CMBs, but such an association was only found among healthy adults.49 The RSS found that systolic BP was related to presence of deep/infratentorial CMBs, whereas diastolic BP was related to strictly lobar CMBs.50 In the same study, smoking was associated with deep but not lobar CMBs.50 In another study of subjects with first-ever lacunar stroke, Staals et al found that ambulatory BP measures (24-hour, day, and night systolic Selleckchem GSK1349572 and diastolic BP) were more robust predictors for CMBs than the mere presence or absence of hypertension.51 After distinguishing between different locations, various BP characteristics were associated with deep (or combined deep and lobar) CMBs but not with pure lobar CMBs.51 In patients with lacunar infarction, Park et al.52 found that, after adjustments for other factors, age (odds ratio [OR] 1.07; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.04-1.11; PSAR1B stroke or transient ischemic attack, previous statin use was not associated with CMB prevalence or severity.56 In another study, proteinuria and homocysteinemia were associated with CMB presence and severity in patients with ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack.57 In the same study, female sex, history of atrial fibrillation, and SVD stroke subtype were also associated with CMBs. In the RSS, carriers of the APOE ��4 and ��2/��2 genotype were related to strictly lobar CMBs and not deep/infratentorial CMBs.50 In the systematic review and meta-analyses, APOE ��4 allele carriers are at higher risk of CMBs, particularly in strictly lobar brain locations.