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Low phosphorus values were associated with unfavorable survival in both sexes; males, but not females, were characterized by better survival with higher serum phosphorus. Lower and higher PTH values indicated a poor survival in both genders; however, this did not reach significance in male patients with high PTH values. Considering serum albumin, lower values were associated with poor survival in both genders (Table?2). The percentage of patients who had been prescribed erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs) was higher in female patients (75.5%) when compared with male patients (73.9%), however without statistical significance (P = 0.305). Of note, despite vitamin D preparations having been prescribed more frequently (43.8 versus 38.2%) (P www.selleckchem.com/products/ve-821.html similar in male (7.7 �� 1.7%) and female (7.7 �� 1.8) cases (P = 0.6). Hospitalization and survival Frequency of hospitalization was 33.0% in female patients, while this figure was 32.4% for the male patients (P = 0.7). 295 males and 199 females died among the incident patients, giving rise to mortality rates of 14.1% in female patients and 15.5% in male patients (P = 0.3). Survival rates within the first 3 months did not differ significantly between the two genders (data not provided). One-, two- and three-year survival rates were Pictilisib 84.9, 77.3 and 71.5%, respectively, in the female patients; corresponding figures were 83.1, 76.2 and 65.9% in the males, respectively (P = 0.2) (Figure?1). Fig.?1. Three-year survival rates in incident (A) and prevalent (B) female and male chronic hemodialysis patients. The comparison of the survival rates of the male and female incident patients who achieved or did not achieve ideal targets (reference values) for several demographic, clinical, biochemical and therapeutic parameters is shown in Table?2. In the multivariate analysis, age, tunneled and untunneled catheter usage, BMI, Kt/V, blood pump rate, hemoglobin, serum albumin and calcium values were found to be predictors Azastene for mortality (Table?3). Table?3. Multivariate analysis of mortality in the incident (A) and prevalent (B) female and male chronic hemodialysis patients Prevalent patients Demographic features In total, there were 7668 prevalent patients; of these, 4339 and 3329 were males and females, respectively. The number of hemodialysis sessions performed in these patients was 1 599 694. Males were treated by 880 615 sessions; this figure was 719 079 for the female patients. Similar to the incident cases, female patients were characterized by older age and higher BMI (Table?1).