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6%, 23.2%, and 8.3% of them were on d4T- 3TC-efavirenz (EFV), zidovudine (AZT)-3TC-NVP, and AZT-3TC-EFV, respectively. selleck chemicals A total of 107 children had CD4 levels at baseline with mean of 336.78 (SD ��349.34). The overall level of adherence to ART was 99.1%. Prevalence of anemia At baseline, the mean of the study subjects�� hemoglobin was 10.7 g/dL (SD ��2.0), ranging from 5.8 to 15.0 g/dL. The prevalence of anemia among children was 54.4% (56/103). Of anemic children, 44.7% were moderately and 7.8% were severely anemic. Anemia was higher among preschool than school children (PGSK1349572 in vivo However, the prevalence of anemia was not statistically significant with the above variables (P>0.05) (Table 1). Table 1 Prevalence of anemia before initiation of ART among HIV-infected children attending ART in Hiwot Fana Specialized University Hospital, Harar, eastern Ethiopa, 2011 The prevalence of anemia was higher in those children who were underweight, and stunting but were not in no wasting group before the initiation of ART. However, it was not statistically significant when comparisons were made for the above nutritional assessment variables (P>0.05) (Table 2). Table 2 Prevalence of anemia in relation to nutritional status before initiation of ART among HIV-infected children attending ART clinics at Hiwot Fana Specialized University Hospital, Harar, eastern Ethiopa, 2011 The mean hemoglobin levels before and after initiation of ART were 11.1 (SD ��1.9) and 12 (SD ��1.8), respectively. The difference was statistically significant (P0.05). The average increases in hemoglobin upon treatment with AZT- and d4T-based ART were 1 g/dL and 0.9 g/dL, respectively. The difference was statistically significant in those children with both AZT- and d4T-based treatments (PSAR1B ?484.85, ?179.05) (Table 3). Table 3 Prevalence of anemia and average hemoglobin level before and 1 year after initiation of ART among HIV-infected children attending ART clinics in Hiwot Fana Specialized University Hospital, Harar, eastern Ethiopa, 2011 Nutritional status The prevalence of underweight children (WAZ less than ?2 SD) was 51.6% (49/95) at baseline (before initiation of ART), in which 28.4% (27/95) were severely underweight, and 23.2% (22/95) were moderately underweight. More females (30.5% [29/95]) were underweight than males (P=0.27). The prevalence of stunting (HAZ less than ?2 SD was 49.